Types of Winds

 

Winds
Wind	Moving air is called Wind. The three types of wind are  1. Primary Winds  2. Secondary Winds  3. Tertiary Winds.
Turbulence	Violent movement of the air is termed as turbulence of the air.
Breeze	Mild or light or slow wind is called Breeze.
Primary Winds	Primary winds blow from a particular direction all through the year and also called as Planetary Winds or Permanent Winds or Prevailing Winds. The three types of Primary Winds are  1. Trade Winds  2. Westerlies  3. Easterlies or Polar Winds.
Trade Winds  Winds	Trade wind blow in Sub Tropical High Pressure region to Equatorial Low Pressure Region.
Westerlies	The Anti-Trade or Prevailing wind blow from Subtropical Higher Pressure regions to Sub polar Low Pressure regions.
Polar Winds	Polar wind blow from Polar High Pressure Regions to Sub Polar Low Pressure Regions.
Brave West Winds	The Permanent or Planetary winds blowing in 40⁰ South and 50⁰ South latitudes. They are known as Roaring Forties.
Secondary Winds	Secondary Winds blow in a particular area in a particular season from a particular direction. They are Monsoon Wind, Sea Breeze, Land Breeze, Mountain Breeze, Valley Breeze etc.
Monsoon Winds	Monsoon Winds are the seasonal winds, blow in a particular season in a particular area from a particular direction. Ex. South West Monsoon Wind, North East Monsoon Wind.
See Breeze	The wind blow from sea to land during the day is termed Sea Breeze.
Land Breeze	The wind blow from land to sea during night is called Land Breeze.
Mountain Breeze	The wind blow from valley to mountain slopes during the night is termed Mountain Breeze.
Valley Breeze	The wind blow from mountain slopes to valley during day is called Valley Breeze.
Anabatic Wind	The strong and large wind blow from valley to mountain during the day is termed as Anabatic Wind.
Katabatic Wind	The strong and large wind blow from mountain to valley during night is termed as Katabatic Wind.
Virazon	The see breeze experiences in the coastal regions of South America is called Virazon.
Terral	Terral is the Land Breeze experienced by the coastal regions of Chile and Peru.
Meridional wind	Meridional wind blow parallel to the meridians or from North to South or from South to North.
Hailstorm	Strong falling of hails on the earth are the Hailstorms.
Calms of Cancer	Calms of Cancer are the very slow winds blow nearby the Tropic of Cancer.
Calms of Capricorn	Calms of Capricorn are the very slow winds blow nearby the Tropic of Capricorn.
Local Wind or Tertiary Wind	Tertiary winds  blow in local regions are known as Local Winds.
Foehn Wind	Foehn winds  are the strong cold wind, blow in Alps region of Europe.
Santa Ana	Santa Ana is the strong hot dry wind blows in Mexican Desert.
Chinook Wind or Snow Eaters	Chinook wind  are the strong warm wind blow in Rocky regions North America. Snow melts due to the blow of warm wind. They are known as Snow Eaters.
Mistral	Mistral is the strong cold wind blows in Rhine valley of Europe.
Buran	Buran is the strong and cold wind blows in Siberia and Central Asia.
Purga or White Buran	Strong and cold winds blow in Siberia and Central Asia in winter season.
Helm Wind	Strong and colds wind blow in Northern England in spring season.
Loo Wind	Loo wind are the strong, hot and dry wind blow in North Western parts of India.
Blizzards	Blizzards are the strong cold wind blow in North America.
Simoon	Simoon is the strong hot and wind blows in Arabian regions.
Sirocco	Sirocco blows from Northern Africa to Southern Europe over the Mediterranean Sea.
Bora	Bora is the cold and Dry wind blows in Italy and Coasts of Adriatic Sea in winter.
Pempero	Pampero is the strong wind  blows in Andes regions of South America.
Zonda	Zonda is the strong wind  blows in Andes region of Argentina.
Harmattan Wind or Doctor Wind or Cape Doctor	They blow in Central Africa. They occasionally bring rainfall during summer and giving relief, hence they are called Doctor Winds or  Harmatton Wind.
Cape Doctor	The winds occasionally bring rainfall during summer and giving relief, hence they are called Cape Doctor in South Africa.
Bise or Bize	Bise is the dry and Cold wind blows in Italy and France.
Avalanche Wind	Avalanche winds are the strong winds originate and rush prior to avalanches.
Temporale	Temporale are the strong seasonal winds blow in Pacific Coast of Central America.
Etesian Wind	Strong winds blow during summer in Greece and Eastern Mediterranean regions are called Etesian Winds.
Gale	Gale is the strong wind blows with about 55 km speed per hour as per the Beaufort Scale.
Squall	Squall is the strong and violent wind with heavy rainfall, thunderstorms and hailstones.
Smokes	Strong and heavy mists of Guinea coast is termed as Smokes.
Mango Showers or Summer Showers or Norwesters	The Light to heavy rainfall in the beginning of summer season in India termed by Summer Showers or Mango Showers.
Kalbaisaki	The summer showers of West Bengal is called Kalbaisaki Wind.
Bordoisila	The summer showers of Orrisa is called Bordoisila Wind.
Blossom Showers	The summer showers of Kerala is called Blossom Showers.
Coffee Showers	The summer showers of Karnataka and Kerala is called Blossom Showers.
Western Disturbances	The wind originates over Mediterranean Sea and brings rainfall in winter to the North-Western parts of India is termed as Western Disturbances.
Windward Side	The direction of the wind towards the mountain. The wind ascends on the Leeward side of the mountain.
Leeward Side	The direction of the wind from the mountain top or Hill top. The wind descends from Hill top to Foot hills.
Atmospheric Disturbances
Cyclone	Cyclonic wind system originate over the high pressure area and move towards the low pressure area with great speed. They move anticlockwise in Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in Southern Hemisphere.
Anti Cyclone	Anti cyclonic wind system moves in clockwise direction in Northern Hemisphere and anticlockwise in Southern Hemisphere.
Hurricane	Hurricanes are the stormy wind blow with the speed 119 km and above per hour.
Tornado	Tornados are the violent stormy wind rotating as funnel shaped wind system blow with destructive speed.
Typhoon	Typhoon wind  originate over the Northwest Pacific region and blow over North Eastern parts of Asia.
Willy Willy	The Tropical cyclone blow over Australia is called Willy Willy
Storm	Strong wind blow with the speed of 103 to 117 km per hour is termed as Storm.

 

BEAUFORT SCALE

 

Geographical Terms in Climatology Part 2

 

Air – Humidity
Humidity	The amount of moisture present  in the air is called Humidity.
Absolute Humidity	The amount of moisture present in the air per unit is termed as Absolute Humidity.
Relative Humidity	The ratio between the actual amount of moisture present in the air and saturation point of the same air at same temperature is termed as Relative Humidity.
Specific Humidity	The ratio between the mass of moisture in an unit of the air and total mass of the air is termed as Specific Humidity.
Precipitation
Precipitation	The fall and deposition of moisture content from the atmosphere to surface of the earth is called Precipitation. Rainfall, fog, mist, snow, hail etc. are the different forms precipitation.
Convectional Rainfall	The water is heated and evaporated from the earth’s surface. The water vapour raise upward due to convectional current. Due to the fall of temperature in the water vapour, the water vapour condensed and rainfall occurs. This type of rainfall is called Convectional Rainfall.
Orographic Rainfall or Relief Rainfall	Wind which blow towards the mountain get ascended over the slope of the mountain. The moisture content in the ascending wind get condensed and then rainfall occurs. This type of rainfall is called Orographic Rainfall.
Cyclonic rainfall or Frontal Rainfall	Due to the cyclones or depressions, two airmasses meet or converge each other and then brings rainfall. This type of rainfall is called Cyclonic Rainfall.
Snow	Snow is a form of precipitation with fine and tiny ice crystals.
Fog	The tiny water drops fall from the Troposphere is termed as Fog.
advection Fog	Advection Fog is formed due to the horizontal movement of the warm air mass over the cooler surface.
Mist	A large mass of water droplets present in the Troposphere is termed as Mist.
Dew	Dew is the moisture of the air deposited as water droplets on the surface or vegetation of the earth.
Frost	The moisture of the air fall on the surface of the earth and frozen by low temperature is called Frost.
Hoar Frost	Deposit of Ice Crystals is called Hair Frost.
Haze	Tiny solid substances present in the atmosphere and lowering the visibility of the air is called Haze.
Hail	Small spherical ice pellets fall from rainy clouds are called Haze.
Sleet	Sleet is the mixture of rainfall and snow due to the low temperature.
Alpine Glow	Alpine Glow is the flush glaring of the snow covered mountains of Alps regions before the sunrise and after the sunset.
Smog	Smog is the mixture of fog and snow. Smog fall is common in highly polluted temperate region in temperate regions.
Clouds
Cloud	Cloud is a mass of tiny water particles and ice crystals present in the layer in the Troposphere.
Stratus Clouds	Stratus clouds are the low level clouds look like sheets or layers and found horizontally. They bring light rainfall.
Cirrus Clouds	Cirrus clouds are found above 6000 meter altitude and look like feathery, wispy and thin clouds.
Cumulus Clouds	Cumulus clouds are the low clouds found up to 2000 meter height and looks puffy.
Nimbus Clouds	Nimbus clouds are the low level clouds brings rain, snow, sleet, fog etc.
Low Clouds	Low clouds are found up to 2000 meter height from the ground level. Stratus, Stratocumulus and Nimbostratus clouds are the Low Clouds.
Middle Clouds	Middle clouds are found in the altitude of 2000 to 8000 meter height from the ground level. Altostratus and Altocumulus clouds are the Middle Clouds.
High Clouds	Cirrus, Cirrostratus and Cirrocumulus are the High Clouds found between 5000 and 13000 meter height.
Alto Stratus Clouds	Alto stratus clouds are them medium clouds found in  looks like continuous sheets found in 2000 – 7000 meter height.
Alto Cumulus Clouds	Alto cumulus clouds are the medium clouds look like rounded or parallel banded shape.
Cirro Cumulus Clouds	Cirro cumulus clouds appears like flakey and patches between 5000 -15000 meter height.
Cumulo Nimbus Clouds	Cumulo nimbus clouds form due to great variation in atmospheric pressure and found in 2000 to 20000 meter height. This is the King of Clouds.
Heat Zones
Torrid Zone	Torrid Zone lies between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn. The temperature is high in this zone
Temperate Zone	Temperate Zone lies between the Tropic of Cancer and Arctic Circle in the Northern Hemisphere and between Tropic of Capricorn and Antarctic Circle in the Southern Hemisphere. The temperature is Moderate in this zone. North Temperate Zone and South Temperate Zone are the two Temperate Zones.
Frigid Zone	Frigid Zone lies beyond the Arctic and Antarctic Circles. The temperature is low in these zones. North Frigid Zone and South Frigid Zone are the two Frigid Zones.
Air – Pressure
Equatorial Low pressure Belt	Equatorial Low Pressure Belt lies between 5⁰ North and 5⁰ South. The air pressure is low here due to the high temperature and ascending movement of the air.
Sub Tropical High Pressure Belt	Sub Tropical High Pressure Belts lie between 25⁰  and 30⁰ of northern and southern latitudes. Here the air pressure is high due to descending movement of air.
Sub Polar Low Pressure Belt	Sub Polar Low Pressure Belts lie in 60⁰ and 70⁰ north and south latitudes. The air pressure is low  due to the presence of vast land mass in the North and adjoining high pressure belts.
Polar High Pressure Belt	Polar High Pressure Belts lie beyond 70⁰ north and south latitudes. Here the air ascends and creates high pressure belts.
Doldrums	Between 5⁰ north and 5⁰ south latitudes the wind is feeble. The zone is dull and calm around the Equator. This zone is called Doldrums.
Horse Latitudes	Trade wind originate between the latitudes of 30⁰ and 35⁰ north and south latitudes. This zone is calm and known as Horse Latitudes.
Roaring Forties	The region of Roaring Forties lies in the oceanic southern hemisphere between 40⁰ to 50⁰ South latitudes. Here the wind blow and roar with great velocity due to the absence of barriers.
Furious Fifties	The region of Furious Fifties lies in the oceanic southern hemisphere between 50⁰ to 60⁰ South latitudes. Here the wind blow furiously with great velocity due to the absence of barriers.
Screaming Sixties or Shrieking Sixties	The region of Screaming Sixties lies in the oceanic southern hemisphere between 60 ⁰and 65⁰ South latitudes. Here the wind blow with high sound and great velocity due to the absence of barriers.
Aleutian Low	Aleutian Low is the Sub Polar low pressure area near by the Aleutian Islands over Bering Sea.
Wedge of High Pressure	Wedge of High Pressure is a small high pressure region forms between two depressions.
Inter Tropical Convergence Zone	The Trade Wind from Northern hemisphere and Southern hemisphere  converge over the Equator. This zone is called Inter Tropical Convergence Zone.