EARTH'S EXTREMES

EXTREME FEATURES OF THE EARTH

SL.NO	PARTICULAR	DESCRIPTION	KEY POINTS
1	Largest Continent	Asia (4,45,79,000 sq km)	Lies in Northern and Eastern Hemispheres
2	Smallest Continent	Australia (76,92,020 sq km)	Lies in Soutthern and Eastern Hemispheres
3	Highest Mountain	Himalayas (595,000 sq km)	Lies in Asia
4	Longest Mountain	Andes  (7,242 km)	Lies in South America
5	Highest Peak	Mt. Everest (8,848 m)	Lies on Himadri Range of Himalayas
6	Lowest Point	Challenger Deep (10,994 m)	Found in Mariyana Trench of Pacific Ocean
7	Largest River	Amazon (about 2000 cubic m/s)	Flows in South America
8	Longest River	Nile (6,650 km)	Flows in Africa
9	Largest Ocean	Pacific Ocean (16,52,50,000 sq km)	Includes the maximum waters of the Earth
10	Smallest Ocean	Arctic Ocean (!,40,56,000 sq km)	Lies in Southern Hemisphere
11	Largest Sea	Mediterranian Sea (29,65,800 sq km)	Found between Africa and Europe
12	Largest Bay	Bay of Bengal (21,72,000 sq km)	Lies to the East of India and Srilanka
13	Largest Gulf	Gulf of Mexico (15,50,000 sq km)	Lies to the South East of USA
14	Largest Lake	Caspian Sea (3,71,000 sq km)	Lies in between Asia and Europe
15	Largest Fresh Water Lake	L. Superior (82,100 sq km)	Lies in North America
16	Longest Strait	St. of Malacca (800 km)	Separates Malay Peninsula and Sumatra Island
17	Largest Island	Greenland (21,75,597 sq km)	Located in Northern and Western Hemispheres
18	Highest Waterfall	Angel Falls (979 m)	Falls in Venizula
19	Widest Waterfall	Khone Falls (35,376 ft wide)	On R. Mekong in South East Asia
20	Hottest Place	Death Valley (maximum temperature recorded: 56.7°C)	Found in California of USA
21	Coldest Place	Vostak (minimum temperature recorded: -89.2°C)	Lies in Antarctic Continent
22	Driest Place	Atacama Desert (average annual rainfall: 15 mm)	Lies in South Americas
23	Wettest Place	Mawsynram (annual rainfall: 11871 mm)	Found in Meghalaya, India
24	Largest Desert	Sahara (92,00,000 sq km)	Found in Northern part Africa
25	Largest Gorge	Grand Canyon (446 km)	R. Colorado in Arizona of  North America

DESCRIPTION OF THE EARTH

DESCRIPTION OF THE EARTH

Sl. No.	Particulars	Description
1	Equatorial Circumference	40,075 km
2	Polar Circumference	40,008 km
3	Equatorial Diameter	12,756 km
4	Polar Diameter	12,720 km
5	Equatorial Radius	6,371 km
6	Polar Radius	6,357 km
7	Maximum distance from the Sun (Aphelion)*	152,097,701 km
8	Minimum distance from the Sun (Perihelion)*	147,098,074 km
9	Mean distance from the Sun (One Astronomical Unit)*	149,597,870 km
10	Period of Rotation	23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds
11	Period of Revolution	365.256 days
12	Speed of Rotation	1610 km/hour
13	Speed of Revolution	29.78 km/second
14	Inclination	23 ½°
15	Summer Solstice*	June 21
16	Winter Solstice*	December 22
17	Mass	59,72,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,000 kg
18	Volume	1 trillion cubic km
19	Density	5.51 g cubic cm
20	Gravity	9.807 meter/s2
21	Total Area	51,00,66,000 sq.km
22	Land Area	14,84,29,000 sq.km
23	Water Area	36,16,37,000 sq. km
24	Age	4,600 million years
25	Shape	Geoid*

*Aphelian: July 4 is the Aphelian. On this day the Earth is most farthest from the Sun.

*Perihelion:  January, 3 is the Perihelion. On this day the Earth is most nearest to the Sun.

*Astronomical  Unit : 1 AU = 149,597,870 km. This is the approximate mean distance between Sun and Earth. So the mean distance is slightly varied.

*Summer Solstice: June, 21 is the longest day. On this day Sun is most far away from Earth’s Equator.

*Winter Solstice: December 22 is the shortest day. On this day Sun is most nearest to Earth’s Equator.

*Geoid:  The Earth is not a perfect sphere in shape. The earth like shape is called as Geoid.

Effects of the the Revolution of the Earth

EFFECTS OF REVOLUTION

Rotation and Revolution

ROTATION AND REVOLUTION OF THE EARTH

Latitudes and Longitudes

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES

LATITUDES	LONGITUDES
Latitudes are the imaginary lines drawn from West to East on the globe	Longitudes are the imaginary lines drawn from North to South on the globe
Total latitudes are 181	Total longitudes are 360
Known as Parallels	Known as Meridians
They do not touch each other. They run parallel to each other	They touch each other in the North at North Pole and in the South at the South Pole
They are unequal in length. Equator is the longest latitude	They are equal in length
Lower latitudes are longer and higher latitudes are shorter in length	All the longitudes are equal in length
Equator is the 0 degree latitude	Prime Meridian is the 0 degree longitude. This Meridian is known as Greenwich Meridian also
Equator divides the globe into two equal halves namely Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere	Prime Meridian and 180 degree longitude divide the globe into two equal halves namely Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere
Some important latitudes are: 1)       Equator the 0 degree latitude 2)       Tropic of Cancer the 23 ½ degree North 3)       Tropic of Capricorn the 23 ½ degree South 4)       Arctic Circle the 66 ½ degree North 5)       Antarctic Circle the 66 ½ degree South  6)    North Pole the 90 degree North  7)    South Pole the 90 degree South	Some important longitudes are: 1)       Prime Meridian 2)       180 degree Meridian
Latitudes are used to calculate the distance	Longitudes are used to calculate the time
Distance between two latitudes are 111 Kilo Meters.	Time difference between two longitudes are 4 minutes